Almost as an afterthought, the Portuguese turned west to Brazil in the 16th century and began settlement in 1533. The effect of the Thrash's set items were huge. The Spanish looked south in the 1530s and 1540s. The Significance of Spanish Colonial Missions in our National Story and Open Document. Portuguese spice trading also made goods available to the rest of Europe on a larger scale and enriched Portugal herself. Why Did Europeans Want a New Route to Asia? - Reference.com Technological Innovations of the Age of Exploration When Vasco de Gama found a new route to India, the Portuguese were able to trade spices and jewels. Amy has MA degrees in History, English, and Theology. Bachelor of Fine Arts | BFA Degrees | NYFA All of these items are still traded across the Atlantic today to places all over the world. Santngel had supported Columbuss voyage, helping him to obtain funding from Ferdinand and Isabella. The Library of Congress. Between 1540 and 1542, Coronado led a large expedition of Spaniards and native allies to the lands north of Mexico City, and for the next several years, they explored the area that is now the southwestern United States ([link]). They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. What was the success of Spain and Portugal? How Portugal became the first global sea power - CBS News All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. The Portuguese established a European trading post empire to capitalize on their superior navigation skills and tap into existing African trade routes. 4.2C: The Economic Causes and Effects of European Maritime Exploration By this and other means, native people helped shape the conquest of the Americas. The Reconquista marked another step forward in the process of making Spain an imperial power, and Ferdinand and Isabella were now ready to look further afield. What are the long lasting effects of Spanish Exploration today? European countries started to think about forming empires, spreading Christianity, and ruling the world. He believed the earth to be much smaller than its actual size and, since he did not know of the existence of the Americas, he fully expected to land in Asia. Vasco Nez de Balboa traveled across Panama in 1513 and saw the Pacific Ocean for the first time. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. However, the overthrow of the Mongols by the Ottoman Empire had closed that border as the longstanding religious differences between Christian Europe and Muslim Ottomans allowed the old conflict to disrupt the flow of trade. An error occurred trying to load this video. What impact did the Portuguese and Spanish explorers have on Europe? Menu and widgets Create your account. D. Africans attended Prince Henry's navigation school De Gama's successful venture created a greater demand than ever before for overseas trades along the African coast. What should we consider when we interpret these documents today? Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. What Were the Lasting Effects of Spanish Conquest in Latin - Reference Other explorers made their way up the California coast and across the American southeast. His patronage allowed some of the most important Portuguese expeditions to take place. NYFA's Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) degree programs are designed to provide students with a concentrated education in film, media, and entertainment, supported by an exploration of the liberal arts and sciences. By The system also allowed them to protect their imports as they traveled back to Portugal. The Spanish then murdered hundreds of high-ranking Mexica during a festival to celebrate Huitzilopochtli, the god of war. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. During the fifteenth century, Spain hoped to gain advantage over its rival, Portugal. This slave trade also came into greater usage when the Portuguese followed the Spanish in setting their sights across the Atlantic, colonizing Brazil in the 1530s. Assessing the Success of Portuguese and Spanish Exploration and They established posts in Guinea and Angola and a few island plantations to support their business ventures. However, the reality is far more complex. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. Cartographers developed new ways of mapping. As they died, new workers were needed. What were three outcomes of Spanish Exploration? Spain brought the ecomienda system to the New World to build plantations for mining and farming, a system that categorically abused the Amerindian labor force without fair trades for their gold. Slaves lived in the dungeon for weeks or months until ships arrived to transport them to Europe or the Americas. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. Key Explorers The key figure in early Portuguese exploration was Prince Henry, the son of King John I. Nicknamed "the Navigator," Henry was not an explorer himself. This button displays the currently selected search type. The voyages of Columbus. Great Explorers of Spain and Portugal: Aims & Discoveries, Radical Reformation Origins & Beliefs | Anabaptists & Antitrinitarians. Seoul Station's Necromancer - Chapter 180: Defense (4) | Light Novel World What lands did Spain lay claim to and how did the Portuguese react? One of this periods most famous works is the novel The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha, by Miguel de Cervantes. Spanish fleets returned from the New World with holds full of gold, silver, and precious gemstones while Spanish priests traveled the world to convert and save the souls of the native populations. Ottoman Turks controlled much of the land routes to the East, and they initially charged exorbitant taxes for traders to get through. Bartholomew Dias found the Cape of Good Hope, while his successor Vasco de Gama made it to India, where he realized Portuguese dreams of having a direct spice trade link and allowed the Portuguese to dominate the trade. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. The Carrack or Nao (meaning ship) was developed as a fusion between Mediterranean and Northern European-style ships. They have no iron, nor steel, nor weapons, nor are they fit for them, because although they are well-made men of commanding stature, they appear extraordinarily timid. Hernn Corts hoped to gain hereditary privilege for his family, tribute payments and labor from natives, and an annual pension for his service to the crown. B. Africans were enslaved and brought to the Americas. Finally, Vasco de Gama arrived in India and came back with a nice, profitable load of spices in 1499. In 1492, they completed the Reconquista: the centuries-long Christian conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. The Spanish quickly set out to explore, conquer, and colonize, which was bad news for the Amerindians who got in their way as they launched their empire. Those who survived were strongly influenced by Spanish language, religion, art and architecture. In 1418, the Portuguese came upon the Madeira Islands and established a colony at Porto Santo. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest - U.S. History Gold became the biggest source of income for the Portuguese crown. To those ends, Ferdinand and Isabella sponsored extensive Atlantic exploration. In Spain, gold and silver from the Americas helped to fuel a golden age, the Siglo de Oro, when Spanish art and literature flourished. 101 Independence Ave. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Settlements sprang up at St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565, and in New Mexico in 1609. What did the Portuguese and Spanish contribute to the age of Which type of automated bidding strategy is Target CPA? South American settlement began in 1523 in Venezuela, and in 1524-1526, the Spanish marched through Central America, exerting their control from Guatemala to Nicaragua. The Spanish and Portuguese developed a particular type of ship to trade in the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic. Spanish Exploration: Summary, Reasons & Effects | StudySmarter explored isthmus of panama. Instead, he encouraged exploration and directed many important expeditions. When this lesson is over, you should be able to: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. (04.05) Painting of a scene showing European explorers and native peoples in the New World. Without her, Corts would not have been able to communicate, and without the language bridge, he surely would have been less successful in destabilizing the Aztec Empire. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugals explorers changed Europeans understanding of the world in several ways. One such explorer, Francisco Pizarro, made his way to the Spanish Caribbean in 1509, drawn by the promise of wealth and titles. In the 1500s they had ships called Spanish Galleons that . [1] John Francis Bannon, editor, Bolton and the Spanish Borderlands (1964), pp. The Spanish brought Western ideals to the Americas, including economic and religious systems. The Spanish were also the first in the New World. The money flowed freely, but they still hoped to find a way to the East. The dungeon of the fort now served as a holding pen for African slaves from the interior of the continent, while on the upper floors Portuguese traders ate, slept, and prayed in a chapel. It results in increased costs, higher production rates, and lower . C. Africans sold spices to Portugal and Spain. On June 7, 1494, the governments of Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas, named for the city in Spain in which it was created.The Treaty of Tordesillas neatly divided the " New World " of the Americas between the two superpowers. In 1493, Columbus sent two copies of a probanza de mrito to the Spanish king and queen and their minister of finance, Luis de Santngel. The Age of Discovery & Exploration - Practice Test Questions & Chapter Armed with these advances, Bartholomew Dias reached the tip of Africa in 1487, naming it the Cape of Good Hope. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you 1 What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? The only arms they have are sticks of cane, cut when in seed, with a sharpened stick at the end, and they are afraid to use these. Although traditional warfare continued to be a major tool for political control, European countries also grew concerned with gaining economic superiority over their neighbors, their main tool being international trade. Thousands of Spaniards flocked to the Americas seeking wealth and status. The Portuguese continued to focus on building trade networks and establishing a trading post empire without heavy colonization in direct contrast to the Spanish. Portugal's wealth increased due to its control of the spice trade with India. Jul 22nd, 2021 Published. 27 chapters | Francisco Pizarro subdued the Incas of Peru in 1533. The Portuguese expanded in wealth and founded the international slave trade, an institution whose ramifications would haunt Atlantic history until the nineteenth century. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. When these expeditions began, Europeans knew virtually nothing about the area past Cape Bojador on. When the Spanish and Portuguese explore to the new world it results in massive increase in the population. While they are filled with distortions and fabrications, probanzas de mritos are still useful in illustrating the expectation of wealth among the explorers as well as their view that native peoples would not pose a serious obstacle to colonization. This age of exploration and the subsequent creation of an Atlantic World marked the earliest phase of globalization, in which previously isolated groupsAfricans, Native Americans, and Europeansfirst came into contact with each other, sometimes with disastrous results. Probanzas de mritos featured glowing descriptions of lands of plenty. This material (including graphics) can freely be used for educational purposes such as classroom presentations in universities and colleges. Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor), painted by Diego Velzquez in 1656, is one of the best-known paintings in history. Another Italian, Amerigo Vespucci, sailing for the Portuguese crown, explored the South American coastline between 1499 and 1502. How Portugal Kicked Off the Age of Exploration - HISTORY Although his first efforts against the Inca Empire in the 1520s failed, Pizarro captured the Inca emperor Atahualpa in 1532 and executed him one year later. With his support, Portuguese mariners successfully navigated an eastward route to Africa, establishing a foothold there that became a foundation of their nations trade empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. What did Portugal do first during the age of exploration? The Spanish followed suit, beginning with Christopher Columbus, before moving beyond mere trade and focusing on empire building. In the 1480s, Pope Sixtus IV had granted Portugal the right to all land south of the Cape Verde islands, leading the Portuguese king to claim that the lands discovered by Columbus belonged to Portugal, not Spain. Spanish Exploration and Colonization | Encyclopedia.com SPANISH EXPLORATION.docx - Primary vs Secondary (credit: modification of work by National Park Service), Next: Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Describe Portuguese exploration of the Atlantic and Spanish exploration of the Americas, and the importance of these voyages to the developing Atlantic World, Explain the importance of Spanish exploration of the Americas in the expansion of Spains empire and the development of Spanish Renaissance culture. Along the way, they discovered plenty of ways to make a profit from their voyages, and pretty soon they were leaders in the gold and slave trades. This map traces Coronados path through the American Southwest and the Great Plains. This exchange benefitted Europeans more than Native Americans because Europeans spread smallpox , a deadly disease, to Native Americans when they came into contact with them. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Treaty of Tordesillas | Overview & Significance | Study.com He spent most of his life in the Americas advocating for the natives. The Portuguese explored the Canary Islands off the African coast as early as 1341, finding them perfect for the establishment of sugar colonies with labor supplied by African slaves. In the 15th century the Portuguese started exploring new lands. Missionaries like Motolinia had a legitimate desire to convert the natives and others like him, including the Dominican friar Bartolome de Las Casas, who wrote "A Brief Account of the Destruction of the West Indies" to draw attention to the atrocities committed against the natives by his fellow Spaniards. Among these was Toribio Motolinia, whose work, History of the Indians of New Spain, provided a comprehensive description not only of conversion methods, but Aztec religious and cultural practices. Spains acquisitiveness seemingly knew no bounds as groups of its explorers searched for the next trove of instant riches. The Portuguese destroyed the Arab trade routes in the Indian Ocean between Africa, Arabia and India. Spanish & Portuguese Exploration of the New World & Asia | Motives The disease took a heavy toll on the people in Tenochtitln, playing a much greater role in the citys demise than did Spanish force of arms. Hernando de Soto had participated in Pizarros conquest of the Inca, and from 1539 to 1542 he led expeditions to what is today the southeastern United States, looking for gold. This island, like all the others, is most extensive. Their goals were to expand Catholicism and to gain a commercial advantage over Portugal. On October 12, 1492, however, he made landfall on an island in the Bahamas. Felicity Moran received a Bachelors in history from Franciscan University of Steubenville, and a Master's in history from the University of Cincinnati, where she taught at the collegiate level for two years. He participated in successful expeditions in Panama before following rumors of Inca wealth to the south. No products in the cart. The most famous of these Spanish adventurers are Christopher Columbus (who, though Italian himself, explored on behalf of the Spanish monarchs), Hernn Corts, and Francisco Pizarro. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration quizlet? Hernando Corts was part of the generation of Spanish colonizers that began the first phase of the Spanish colonization of the Americas. In anticipation of winning his own honor and riches, Corts later explored the Yucatn Peninsula. For more than a century, Baker Hughes . (1521) Pizarro took land from the Incas in what is today Peru. This era began in the late 1400's and lasted through the 1700's. It is responsible for influencing European culture, initiating globalization, and introducing colonialism around the world. This two-volume book (1605 and 1618) told a colorful tale of an hidalgo (gentleman) who reads so many tales of chivalry and knighthood that he becomes unable to tell reality from fiction. The travels of Portuguese traders to western Africa introduced them to the African slave trade, already brisk among African states. Spices, fabrics, and other luxuries flowed into Portugal and out to other European countries, and the Portuguese treasury swelled. With his faithful sidekick Sancho Panza, Don Quixote leaves reality behind and sets out to revive chivalry by doing battle with what he perceives as the enemies of Spain. Warfare by the Spanish, using guns, and forced labour in mines and on plantations also contributed. The story of North American exploration spans an entire millennium and involves a wide array of European powers and uniquely American characters. The Spaniards were not far behind the Portuguese in their exploration and empire building. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. When Corts explored central Mexico, he encountered a region simmering with native conflict. Hoping to salvage Portugals Atlantic holdings, King Joo II began negotiations with Spain. These lands comprised most of the Americas. He might have gotten all the way to India if his crew hadn't mutinied. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. Columbus set sail with three small ships and a crew of eighty . Early European Maritime Expeditions | The Geography of Transport Systems However, they also brought disease and existing conflicts between European nations. Part of this Age of Discovery was the creation of a new occupation, that of conquistador. the fall of European national monarchies and the end of the power of the Catholic Church. The overland routes involved terrain that was unforgiving and dangerous, and merchants couldn't trust that they would always be safe. Notes FAQ Contact . Native Spaniards created equally enduring works. So basically it helped explorers reach their destination. At Elmina the main source was Ashanti gold, at trading points on the Guinea coast it was gold diverted to Portuguese traders from the caravan route from Timbuktu to Morocco. Spanish and Portuguese Exploration Flashcards | Quizlet Spanish and Portuguese Exploration in the Americas Cortes, for example, had friendly relationships with a number of natives, using them to assist in his conquest of the Aztecs, while other conquistadors focused only on subjugation and cruelty. As Spains empire expanded and riches flowed in from the Americas, the Spanish experienced a golden age of art and literature. Columbus' discoveries also shifted the reasons behind Spanish exploration from trade to empire-building and exploration. Henry the navigator was a mapmaker and helped build ships. - Translation into English - examples Arabic In either case, she demonstrates one way in which native peoples responded to the arrival of the Spanish. Why did the authors of probanzas de mritos choose to write in the way that they did? poway high school bell schedule 2021. The magnetic compass was a compass that had a magnetized needle supporting a magnetic card. It didn't take long for other Spaniards to realize that Columbus had stumbled upon something completely new, and they decided to stay. How to Market Your Business with Webinars. This angered the people of Tenochtitln, who rose up against the interlopers in their city. The Spanish also brought the disease smallpox. answer choices. Columbus also discovered tobacco seeds and brought the seeds back to Europe. Location of the Strait of Magellan. While the Portuguese remained focused on the establishment of trading networks, only turning to full colonization later, Spanish discoveries of established empires in North and South America led them to explore and subsequently expand their own empire with the intention of growing wealthier and spreading Catholicism. Originally built by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century, it appears in this image as it was in the 1660s, after being seized by Dutch slave traders in 1637. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. They were looking for something new and different, and they were ready to push beyond Europe to find it. Age of Exploration Jeopardy Template (1531) In this context, the Portuguese and the Spanish became the first countries to explore the Atlantic consistently, finding routes around Africa to the East and new continents untouched by European expansion. Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire and took part in explorations of the northern Caribbean coast of South America. Portuguese explorers were able to discover and conquer new worlds. Prince Henry the Navigator | Biography, Influence & Facts, The Development of Monarchical Nation States: the Rise of Power, Bartolome de las Casas: Destruction of the Amerindians, Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire | Biography & Facts, Carolingian Art | Overview, Renaissance & Characteristics. But we can also fact-check these descriptions, whereas the Spanish court could only take them at face value. Age of Discovery - Wikipedia Source for information on Spanish Exploration and Colonization: Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery . This conflict provided the background for the heralded Age of Discovery, whereupon European nations began exploring new horizons to find means of expanding their influence and discovering new and hopefully shorter trade routes. Malintzin remains a controversial figure in the history of the Atlantic World; some people view her as a traitor because she helped Corts conquer the Aztecs, while others see her as a victim of European expansion. In the 15th century, Spanish ships travelled all around the World carrying plants, animals, people, and goods. The Great Depression, 1929-1932, Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1932-1941, Fighting the Good Fight in World War II, 1941-1945, Post-War Prosperity and Cold War Fears, 1945-1960, Political Storms at Home and Abroad, 1968-1980, The Challenges of the Twenty-First Century. What was an effect of Spanish exploration on both the Inca and the Aztec civilization? This venture drew them further out, especially with Prince Henry the Navigator's patronage of exploration which opened the possibilities of finding a route to the Far East by sea. This involved an exchange of plants, goods, ideas, and diseases from Europe to the Americas. Spanish rulers Ferdinand and Isabella promoted the acquisition of these new lands in order to strengthen and glorify their own empire. In 1533, Pizarro founded Lima, Peru. YouTube Videos for Young Children: An Exploratory Study Module 4 Flashcards | Quizlet Portuguese explorers were able to discover and conquer new worlds. Thereafter, Vasco de Gama rounded the horn and actually reached India in 1498, allowing the Portuguese to succeed in their ultimate aim of establishing a direct connection with the spice trade. In addition to navigation, what purpose would such a map have served? Spanish . Translated to conqueror, conquistadors were a class of men who especially partook in the age of exploration and discovery by leading expeditions to the New World with the understanding that conquest would gain them wealth and power with their monarchs. Many ideas and methods of expansion were flowed along over time. The history of Spanish exploration begins with the history of Spain itself. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. Spains drive to enlarge its empire led other hopeful conquistadors to push further into the Americas, hoping to replicate the success of Corts and Pizarro. They traded up the Zambezi river and interfered with the existing inland African trade. Magellan's Circumnavigation of the Earth | Origins During the Spanish colonial era, ships frequently transported mercury across the Atlantic to the New World to be used in gold mining. All lands to the west of the line, identified as the Line of Demarcation, would be Spains.