A relative of mine (born Shia) started listening to Mufti Menk and my relative no longer celebrates the birthdays of Ahlul Bayt AS nor does he mourn the shahadat days. They can be found in more than 40 countries across the Middle East, Africa, and. [64], On 21 April 1802, about 12,000 Wahhabi Sunnis under the command of Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad, the second ruler of the First Saudi State attacked and sacked Karbala, killed between 2,000 and 5,000 inhabitants and plundered the tomb of Husayn ibn Ali, grandson of Prophet Muhammad and son of Ali ibn Abi Talib,[71]:74 and destroyed its dome, seizing a large quantity of spoils, including gold, Persian carpets, money, pearls, and guns that had accumulated in the tomb, most of them donations. Jasmine Fares is a Lebanese 25 year old, who currently lives in Toronto. She did her honours bachelor in science and later realised that this career path was not for her. [125] Radical groups include Al-Tawhid Wal-Jihad, Jeish Muhammad, and Black Banner Organization.[126]. [133][134][135] According to the British television Channel 4, from 2005 through early 2006, commandos of the Ministry of the Interior which is controlled by the Badr Organization, and, who are almost exclusively Shia Muslimshave been implicated in rounding up and killing thousands of ordinary Sunni civilians. It is said that every Shia clerical family of note in Iraq had tales of torture and murder to recount. The man can divorce the woman whenever he wants to in a Misyar marriage.[48]. They had a photoshoot with close family and hosted a lunch to celebrate. If you go up we will pull you down by your feet; if you hide below, we will pull you up by your hair. Iran is unique in the Muslim world because its population is overwhelmingly more Shia than Sunni (Shia constitute 95% of the population) and because its constitution is theocratic republic based on rule by a Shia jurist. Shia jurisprudence books were banned, the traditional annual Shia mourning procession of Ashura was discouraged, and operating independent Islamic religious establishments remained illegal. As well as this they found that it was not worth spending on other people. Thus a political split became a far more personal one, marked by blood feud, and a cause for further divergence. Following the wake Shia mobs in Iraq attacked the Jordanian embassy on 20 March 2005. The Sunni hegemony did not undercut the Shia presence in Iran. On the other side Shia from Hezbollah in Lebanon and from Asaib Ahl al-Haq and Kata'ib Hezbollah militias from Iraq have backed the Syrian government. They are not radicals. European Pressphoto Agency After Ali also was assassinated, with a poison-laced sword at the mosque in Kufa, in what is now Iraq, his sons Hasan and then Hussein claimed the title. They ended their vlog explaining how they wouldnt just not have a wedding and do nothing after that. In addition, they consider the sayings of Ahl al-Bayt that are not attributed directly to Muhammad as hadiths. Of these some 5% are Shia, the rest are Sunni. This campaign forced most of the Shiites to disperse, with some fleeing south to Jabal Amel and some to the Bekaa, while a very small portion of them took on the practice of Taqiyya until the Ottomans came in 1517. (2004), "Mahdi", Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim world, Thompson Gale, p.421, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAtlas_of_the_Middle_East_(Second_ed. (See 2007 Zahedan bombings for more information), Non-Sunni Iranian opposition parties, and Shia like Ayatollah Jalal Gangei have criticised the regime's treatment of Sunnis and confirmed many Sunni complaints. The "shadowy Sunni militant group Jundallah" has reportedly been receiving weaponry from the United States for these attacks according to the semi-official Fars News Agency. Taliban commander and governor Mullah Niazi banned prayer at Shia mosques[221] and expressed takfir of the Shia in a declaration from Mazar's central mosque: Last year you rebelled against us and killed us. As of March 2015, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (or ISIS/ISIL, Daesh), a Salafi jihadi extremist militant group and self-proclaimed caliphate and Islamic state led by Sunni Arabs from Iraq and Syria,[248] had control over territory occupied by ten million people[249] in Iraq and Syria, as well as limited territorial control in some other countries. Muhammad Khudabandah, the famous builder of Soltaniyeh, was among the first of the Mongols to convert to Shiaism, and his descendants ruled for many years in Persia and were instrumental in spreading Sh thought. "[168], Forced into exile in the 1970s, Saudi Shia leader Hassan al-Saffar is said to have been "powerfully influenced" by the works of Sunni Islamists of the Muslim Brotherhood and Jamaat-e-Islami and by their call for Islamic revolution and an Islamic state. [225], Islam is the dominant religion in Indonesia, which also has a larger Muslim population than any other country in the world, with approximately 202.9million identified as Muslim (88.2% of the total population) as of 2009. [142], Soon after the 1979 revolution, Sunni leaders from Kurdistan, Balouchistan, and Khorassan, set up a new party known as Shams, which is short for Shora-ye Markaz-e al Sunaat, to unite Sunnis and lobby for their rights. Where do you live? Arab states especially Saudi Arabia and GCC states have been funding extremist Deobandi Sunnis and Wahhabis in Pakistan, since the Afghan Jihad. In many other areas the population of Shias and Sunni was mixed. )._Washington,_DC:_National_Geographic2008 (. Answer (1 of 53): Of course Shia's. 1. Between 500,000 and a million Shia live there,[162] concentrated especially around the oases of Qatif and al-Hasa. He continued the Umayyad dynastic practice of succession, and his brother al-Mansur succeeded him in 754. [97], Many in the Muslim world explain the bloodshed as the work of conspiracies by outside forces"the forces of hegemony and Zionism which aim to weaken [Arabs]" (Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and Yusuf al-Qaradawi),[94] unspecified "enemies" (Iran president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad),[98] or "oppressive pressure by the imperialist front." Washington, DC: National Geographic 2008, "Hijab, The Muslim Womens Dress, Islamic or Cultural? 68K Likes, 312 Comments. Some Wahabi groups, often labeled as takfiri and sometimes linked to Al-Qaeda, have even advocated the persecution of the Shia as heretics. In September 1996 more than 200 people were killed when a gun battle between teenage Shia and Sunni escalated into a communal war that lasted five days. ShiaSunni strife inside of Afghanistan has mainly been a function of the puritanical Sunni Taliban's clashes with Shia Afghans, primarily the Hazara ethnic group. [217], An example of an early ShiaSunni fitna shootout occurred in Kurram, one of the tribal agencies of the Northwest Pakistan, where the Pushtun population was split between Sunnis and Shia. According to Morteza Motahhari:[59]. The groups demand the expulsion of all Shias from Pakistan and have killed hundreds of Pakistani Shias between 1996 and 1999. [255] In Qatari another Shiite preacher, Nazar al-Qatari, "put on military fatigues to rally worshipers after evening prayers," calling on them to fight against the slayers of Imams Hasan and Hussein (the second and third Imams of Shia history) and for Iran's supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. This is the nature of monarchy, which is rejected by Islam. [177][178] Such groups have been allegedly responsible for violent attacks and suicide bombings at Shi'a gatherings at mosques and shrines, most notably in Iraq during the Ashura mourning ceremonies where hundreds of Shias were killed in coordinated suicide bombings,[179][180][181] but also in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Well for the gorgeous Jasmine Fares she decided against this and chose to not have the big day. [29], Shias are about 5-to-10 percent of the entire Muslim world. She did her honours bachelor in science and later realised that this career path was not for her. See the complete profile on LinkedIn and discover Jasmine's connections and jobs at similar companies. [145], There has been a low level resistance in mainly Sunni Iranian Balouchistan against the regime for several years. This spreading influence has caused concern to the Sunni rulers of Arab countries with Shia minorities, such as Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. Further exacerbating the situation was the dislike between Shia leader Imam Khomeini and General Zia ul-Haq. In Indonesia, in 2015, Sunni clerics denounced the Shia as "heretics", and the mayor of Bogor proposed banning the Shia Ashura holy day. Muslim Mamas 2022 Copyrighted to Muslim Mamas. [82], Some tension developed between Sunnis and Shia as a result of clashes over Iranian pilgrims and Saudi police at the hajj. Wherever you go, we will catch you. On his return to Tehran, Ahmadinejad declared that: Both Iran and Saudi Arabia are aware of the enemies' conspiracies. The Mahdi is the prophesied redeemer of Islam. Preaching against the Shia in Pakistan was cleric Israr Ahmed. [173] In December 2006, amidst escalating tensions in Iraq, 38 high ranking Saudi clerics called on Sunni Muslims around the world to "mobilise against Shiites".[174]. [16] Despite the fact that Pakistan is a Sunni majority country, Shias have been elected to top offices and played an important part in the country's politics. [152], Following the 2005 elections, much of the leadership of Iran has been described as more "staunchly committed to core Shia values" and lacking Ayatollah Khomeini's commitment to ShiaSunni unity. [153] Polemics critical of Sunnis were reportedly being produced in Arabic for dissemination in the Arab Muslim world by Hojjatieh-aligned elements in the Iranian regime. "Today, Azerbaijan is probably the only country where there are still mixed mosques and Shia and Sunnis pray together. Among the explanations for the increase are conspiracies by outside forces to divide Muslims,[93][94] the recent Islamic revival and increased religious purity and consequent takfir,[95][96] upheaval, destruction and loss of power of Sunni caused by the US invasion of Iraq, and sectarianism generated by Arab regimes defending themselves against the mass uprisings of the Arab Spring. How do you pray? [65] Sufism played a major role in spread of Shiism in this time. Sectarian violence persists to this day from Pakistan to Yemen and is a major element of friction throughout the Middle East and South Asia. [237], In late 2006 or early 2007, in what journalist Seymour Hersh called The Redirection, the United States changed its policy in the Muslim world, shifting its support from the Shia to the Sunni, with the goal of "containing" Iran and as a by-product bolstering Sunni extremist groups. [240] One analyst told CNN that the US strategy on putting pressure on Iran by arming its Sunni neighbors is not a new strategy for the United States. [88], Another example of unity was a fatw issued by the rector of Al-Azhar University, Mahmud Shaltut, recognizing Shia Islamic law as the fifth school of Islamic law. [115] In 1969 the son of Iraq's highest Shia Ayatollah Muhsin al-Hakim was arrested and allegedly tortured. Their woman are more independent and can make decisions too. Menu. The majority of Iranians turned to Shi'ism from the Safawid period onwards. Since taking political power in 1979, Irans Shia clergy has been supporting the Shia Muslims of Iraq, Lebanon and Syria. As a Muslim woman, one of the biggest days of our lives is our wedding day. [236], Conflict between religious groups in the Middle East have spread to the Australian Muslim community[242][243][244][245][246] and within Australian schools.[247]. [182] The bombings are thought to be in retaliation[183] for a large car bomb which detonated on 15 August 2013 and killed at least 24 and wounded hundreds in a part of Beirut controlled by the Hezbollah[184], Although the country of Jordan is 95% Sunni and has not seen any ShiaSunni fighting within, it has played a part in the recent Shia-Sunni strife. Jasmine and Dawoud didnt set their goal on a fancy wedding but instead, used that money to buy a house. BeYOUtiful written by Shelina Janmohamed: Book Review. They displayed mutual warmth with hugs and smiles for cameras and Shia Grand Ayatollah Naser Makarem Shirazi is reported to have responded: The Wahhabis ignore the occupation of Islam's first Qiblah by Israel, and instead focus on declaring Takfiring fatwas against Shias. In July 1980, 25,000 Shia protested the Islamization laws in the capital Islamabad. The extremist sects of the Hurufis and Shasha'a grew directly out of a background that is both Shiite and Sufi. According to scholar Vali Nasr, as the Muslim world was decolonialised and Arab nationalism lost its appeal, fundamentalism blossomed and reasserted the differences and conflicts between the two movements, particularly in the strict teachings of Sunni scholar Ibn Taymiyyah. The movement has established "more than 300 schools, Islamic centers, a newspaper, guards and a `martyrs foundation`". What do they believe? Geographically, the Sunni/Shia picture differs across the Middle East and the rest of the world (see graphic, above). Sunni and Shia are two different denominations of Islam. We don't have accurate statistics because in much of the Middle East it is not convenient to have them, for ruling regimes in particular. She began posting travel vlogs to her self-titled YouTube channel in February 2017. diensthost wpnuserservice. They complain about the food and seating. They were all very materialistic complaints. Hijab model who shares the latest in Muslim women's fashion with 550,000 followers on Instagram. "[101], Although the Iranian revolution's leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, was very much in favor of ShiaSunni unity, he also challenged Saudi Arabia, in his view an "unpopular and corrupt dictatorship" and an "American lackey" ripe for revolution. [2] Both Sunni and Shia Muslims live throughout the world. For centuries, there were only occasional instances where religious intolerance on both sides led to conflict. The Hazaras are not Muslims and now we have to kill Hazaras. New York: Saint Martin's Press, 1999. [114], The Shia suffered indirect and direct persecution under post-colonial Iraqi governments since 1932, erupting into full-scale rebellions in 1935 and 1936. She has two sisters and one brother. [39][40][41][42][43], Twelver Shia as the main branch of Shia Islam[44][45] permit Nikah mutah[46][47]fixed-term temporary marriagewhich is not acceptable within the Sunni community, the Ismaili Shia or the Zaidi Shia and is believed a planned and agreed fornication. Saudi officials had no comment about Ahmadinejad's statements, but the Saudi official government news agency did say: The two leaders affirmed that the greatest danger presently threatening the Islamic nation is the attempt to fuel the fire of strife between Sunni and Shiite Muslims, and that efforts must concentrate on countering these attempts and closing ranks.[258]. [111] One Sunni belief shared by Jordan's King Abdullah as well as his then Defense Minister Shaalan is that Shia numbers in Iraq were inflated by Iranian Shias crossing the border. Monument commemorating the Battle of Chaldiran, which was fought between the Sunni Ottoman Empire and the Shia Safavid dynasty. The Shias accept some of the same hadiths used by Sunnis as part of the sunnah to argue their case. [108] Its the place where Muslims gather for Friday prayers and other special occasions. When police broke them up three days of rampage ensuedburned cars, attacked banks, looted shopscentered around Qatif. In 1996 a leading Sunni, Abdulmalek Mollahzadeh, was gunned down by hitmen, allegedly hired by Tehran, as he was leaving his house in Karachi. In response, Abd al Aziz sent Wahhabi missionaries to the Eastern Province, but he did not carry through with attempts at forced conversion. These differences stem from the extreme claims on both sides. For every tear shed, it is said that a hundred sins are forgiven. They were in control in Persian Iran, but the Sunnis led most Arab states in the Middle East. Many distinctions can be made between Sunnis and Shias through observation alone: When prostrating during ritual prayer called Salah in Arabic. Had Shi`ism not been deeply rooted in the Iranian spirit, the Safawids (9071145/15011732) would not have succeeded in converting Iranians to the Shi'i creed Ahl al-Bayt sheerly by capturing political power. The anti-Shia Afghan Taliban regime helped anti-Shia Pakistani groups and vice versa. [139], information indicates Sunnis, along with other religious minorities, are denied by law or practice access to such government positions as cabinet minister, ambassador, provincial governor, mayor and the like, Sunni schools and mosques have been destroyed, and Sunni leaders have been imprisoned, executed and assassinated. But here in the United States, members of the two major branches of Islam . The present demographic breakdown between the two denominations is difficult to assess and varies by source, with most approximations stating that 90% of the world's Muslims are Sunni and 10% are Shia, with most Shias belonging to the Twelver tradition and the rest divided between many other groups. Hundreds of El-Zakzaky's followers were also arrested. The British colonial rule ended after the Sunni and Shia united against it. An estimated 10,000 to 40,000 Syrians, mostly civilians, were killed by Syrian military in the city. The Shia argument is that Abu Hurairah was only a Muslim for four years of his life before Muhammad's death. "[18], In these years Allama Muhammad Taqi Qummi travelled to Cairo and started his efforts for reforming Islamic unity at Al-Azhar University, since 1938. They both believe that there is only one all-powerful God who created the world and all life in it. [156], Syria is approximately three quarters Sunni,[157] but its government is predominantly Alawite, a Shia sect that makes up less than 13% of the population. He thus had to enforce official Shiism violently, putting to death those who opposed him. [207] Amongst the culprits blamed for the killing are Al-Qaeda working "with local sectarian groups" to kill what they perceive as Shia apostates, and "foreign powers trying to sow discord. However, in a video message, Al-Qaeda deputy Dr Ayman al-Zawahiri directed Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, of Al-Qaeda in Iraq, not to attack civilian targets but to focus on the occupation troops. Though sectarian tensions in Lebanon were at their height during the Lebanese Civil War, the ShiaSunni relations were not the main conflict of the war. [141] As in other parts of the Muslim world, other issues may play a part in the conflict, since most Sunnis in Iran are also ethnic minorities. Although Muslims in the UK have been part of a united community with a shared experience of immigration, the relationship between these groups has recently been in the spotlight in Britain too. Around 10% of Afghanistan, less than 5% of the Muslims in Nigeria, and around 5% of population of Tajikistan are Shia. [136], The violence shows little sign of getting opposite sides to back down. [225], Shia Muslims protest that they have been persecuted by the Nigerian government. Shia communities are also found in Yemen where a large minority of the population are Shia (mostly of the Zaidi sect), according to the UNHCR. She has attended theUniversity of Toronto. But for Sunnis, Ashura is a fasting day to remember the day Nuh (Noah) left the ark and the day that Musa (Moses) was saved from the Egyptians by Allah. Shia constitute about 10 to 15 percent of all Muslims, and globally their population is estimated at less than 200 million. However, Shia opposition to the government was brutally suppressed, resulting in some 50,000 to 100,000 casualties and successive repression by Saddam's forces. Ambassadors were withdrawn from both countries. Both Shia and Sunni dissidents in Yemen have similar complaints about the governmentcooperation with the American government and an alleged failure to following Sharia law[194]but it's the Shia who have allegedly been singled out for government crackdown. We decided to take measures to confront such plots. Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Saud bin Faisal bin Abdul-Aziz said: The two parties have agreed to stop any attempt aimed at spreading sectarian strife in the region. Of these some 5% are Shia, the rest are Sunni. Finally, his efforts and contacting with scholars such as Mahmud Shaltut and Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi led to the founding of Dar-al-Taghrib (community for reforming unity between Sunni and Shia Muslims). The findings of this research prove that the division between Sunni and Shia is not primarily based on religion, as many believe, rather, the division is a result of politics over time. Sectarianism based on this historic dispute intensified greatly after the Battle of Karbala, in which Husayn ibn Ali and some of his close partisans, including members of his household, were killed by the ruling Umayyad Caliph YazidI, and the outcry for revenge divided the early Islamic community, albeit disproportionately, into two groups, the Sunni and the Shia. The Shia party/militia of Hezbollah emerged in Lebanon during the Lebanese Civil War as one of the strongest forces following the Israeli withdrawal in the year 2000, and the collapse of the South Lebanese Army in the South. After the Mongol invasion Shiims and Sufism once again formed a close association in many ways. ), Shia sources further claim that by the orders of the tenth Abbasid caliph, al-Mutawakkil, the tomb of the third Imam, Hussein ibn Ali in Karbala, was completely demolished,[54] and Shias were sometimes beheaded in groups, buried alive, or even placed alive within the walls of government buildings still under construction. In 1959, al-Azhar University in Cairo, the most influential center of Sunni learning, authorized the teaching of courses of Shia jurisprudence as part of its curriculum. Most adherents to the Islamic religious tradition belong to the Sunni branch, making up 90% of the world's Muslims. ; hyrule warriors: zeit der verheerung schnell leveln They both explained how owning a home was much more important to them than having an enormous expensive wedding. Since the 2003 invasion of Iraq removed Saddam Hussein from power and instituted elected government, the Shia majority has dominated the parliament and its prime ministers have been Shia. Your email address will not be published. Both the Sunni al-Qaeda and "Islamic State" consider Shia Muslims to be heretics. Before the Safavid era Shi'i manuscripts were mainly written in Iraq, with the establishment of the Safavid rule these manuscripts were transferred to Iran.[63]. [175], A large fraction of the foreign Sunni extremists who have entered Iraq to fight against Shia and the American occupation are thought to be Saudis. jasmine and dawoud shia or sunnialte rubel scheine umtauschen. Jasmine Fares is a Lebanese 25 year old, who currently lives in Toronto. [146], Members of Sunni groups in Iran however have been active in what the authorities describe as terrorist activities. [93], Some Western analysts assert that the US is practicing divide and rule strategy through the escalation of Sunni-Shia conflict. [225] Its network is similar to that of Hezbollah in Lebanon, with a focus on Iran, its Supreme Leader, and fighting America as the enemy of Islam. Shia in India faced persecution by some Sunni rulers and Mughal Emperors which resulted in the killings of Shia scholars like Qazi Nurullah Shustari[77] (also known as Shaheed-e-Thaalis, the third Martyr) and Mirza Muhammad Kamil Dehlavi[78] (also known as Shaheed-e- Rabay, the fourth Martyr) who are two of the five martyrs of Shia Islam. Jasmine went to Dawouds family restaurant with Dawouds sister and she caught Dawouds eye. 38 23 20 7 1 29 29Iraq 24Afghanistan 16Iran* 1 Lebanon Azerbaijan Very big . These clashes revolved around the public cursing of the first three caliphs by Shias and the praising of them by Sunnis. Today, there are differences in religious practice, traditions, and customs, often related to jurisprudence. "[35] Twelvers believe the Mahdi will be Muhammad al-Mahdi, the twelfth Imam returned from the Occultation, where he has been hidden by Allah since 874. Although reformist President Mohammad Khatami promised during his election campaign to build a Sunni mosque in Tehran, none was built during his eight years in office. Manzoor Nomani, a senior Indian cleric with close ties to Saudi Arabia published a book entitled Iranian Revolution: Imam Khomeini and Shiism. [169], Following the 1979 Iranian Revolution, Shia in Hasa ignored the ban on mourning ceremonies commemorating Ashura. The Sunni Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant movement claimed responsibility, issuing a statement saying: "Let the polytheist Houthis know that the soldiers of the Islamic State will not rest until we have uprooted them." In this paper, we use young Canadian Muslims' lived experience of multiculturalism to reflect on this debate. jasmine and dawoud shia or sunni. Shias do not accept many Sunni hadiths unless they are also recorded in Shia sources or the methodology can be proven of how they were recorded. At least 17 Shia were killed. On 4/14/2017 at 2:26 PM, hameedeh said: Being against sectarianism can eventually have an effect on a Shia. [154] Sunni mosques are not allowed in the capital city of Tehran, and a number of Sunni mosques in other cities have been demolished,[155] Sunni literature and teachings are banned in public schools and construction of new Sunni mosques and schools are banned. Another example is hadith narrated by Abu Hurairah, who is considered by Shias as an enemy of Ali. This decision was not a spontaneous one. [79] Shias are estimated to be 10-15% of the Muslim population in India and Pakistan and less than 1% of Muslim population in Bangladesh, although the total number is difficult to estimate due to the intermingling between the two groups and practice of taqiyya by Shia. This has been the case in Iraq, Lebanon, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Syria. promised "a thaw in relations between the two regional powers but stopped short of agreeing on any concrete plans to tackle the escalating sectarian and political crises throughout the Middle East."[257]. kriegshetzer mal'korak respawn; jasmine and dawoud shia or sunni [110] However, Sunni are split ethnically among Arabs, Kurds and Turkmen. Under this pressure, Safavid subjects either converted or pretended to convert, but it is safe to say that the majority of the population was probably genuinely Shia by the end of the Safavid period in the 18th century, and most Iranians today are Shia, although there is still a Sunni minority. It was followed by the Mirdasid Shi'ite emirate in the 11th century, with both the emirates centered at Aleppo. [128] An al-Qaeda-affiliated website posted a call for "a full-scale war on Shiites all over Iraq, whenever and wherever they are found. But . qcm reproduction sexue et asexue; zone industrielle de saint witz marly la ville; manger du poisson tous les jours; types et formes de phrases nouveaux programmes jasmine and dawoud shia or sunnititelseite zeitung erstellen. Not even a single terrorist group is run by them, excluding the one Run b. In February 1980 disturbances were "less spontaneous" and even bloodier. From the Iranian Revolution to 2015, Shia groups in Lebanon, Iraq, Syria, Yemen, supported by Iran have recently won "important political victories" which have boosted Iran's regional influence. ", according to Pakistani journalist Ahmed Rashid. This spread of Shiism to the inner circles of the government enabled the Shia to withstand those who opposed them by relying upon the power of the caliphate. Not too long after they began getting to know each other. The world's Muslims fall into two major camps, Sunni and Shia, sometimes likened to Christianity's Catholics and Protestants. [210] Whereas Iran has been funding Shia militant groups such as Sipah-e-Muhammad Pakistan, resulting in tit-for-tat attacks on each other. "[171], By 1993, Saudi Shia had abandoned uncompromising demands and some of al-Saffar's followers met with King Fahd with promises made for reform. She is married toDawoud Harb. The United States fears that Shiite rule in the Persian Gulf will lead to anti-US and anti-Western sentiment as well as Iranian influence in the Arab majority states. [259], Effort to bring unity between Sunni and Shia Muslims had been attempted by Allama Muhammad Taqi Qummi.[88]. [80], In addition to Iran, Iraq has emerged as a major Shia government when the Twelvers achieved political dominance in 2005 under American occupation. The Umayyads were overthrown in 750 by a new dynasty, the Abbasids. [185][186] All this resulted despite the strong filial bonds, ties of commerce, and traditional friendship between the two neighboring countries. Faro particip en la Semana de la Innovacin 24 julio, 2019. [225] According to Wikileaks, "Saudi cables" released in 2015 "reveal concern" about "Iran-driven Shiite expansion from Mali, Mauritania, Burkina Faso and Nigeria" to Shia Islam has taken place in Nigeria since the Iranian Revolution. [193] Eight other Shia were injured. According to scholar Vali Nasr, Saudi textbooks "characterize Shiism as a form of heresy worse than Christianity and Judaism. [36], Shiism and Sufism are said to share a number of hallmarks: Belief in an inner meaning to the Quran, special status for some mortals (saints for Sufi, Imams for Shias), as well as veneration of Ali and Muhammad's family.[37].