How can I troubleshoot this and what am I missing? With the instance still selected, choose Actions, then check to see that your script has completed the tasks that you intended. communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. on Amazon EC2 with AWS CloudFormation, Run commands on your Windows instance at launch, Install a LAMP Web Server on Amazon Linux 2, User data and the Tools for Windows PowerShell. you should modify the permissions accordingly in the script. amazon-ec2 cloud-init Share Improve this question To use the Amazon Web Services Documentation, Javascript must be enabled. . User data can be used on both Linux and Windows systems. To specify user data when you launch your instance, use the run-instances about viewing user data from your instance using instance metadata, see Retrieve instance user If we are using user interactive commands like. distributions. UPDATE: I removed the sudo su and added an echo command for debugging. If you finally want to get rid of this instance we can do an instance state and then terminate the instance. An instance profile provides the I will appreciate if someone can put some lights on why it is unable to execute the user-data. In configuration, keep everything as default and click on Next. My code is GPL licensed, can I issue a license to have my code be distributed in a specific MIT licensed project? How to Provide the Static IP to a Docker Container? >> /tmp/testfile.txt. I'm looking at the moment how to do that in an automated way at the end of the custom image creation. Launch the EC2 Instance in AWS with New Instance Wizard, Create a Windows EC2 Instance and Connect Using RDP, Amazon Web Services - Denying Access using IAM policy for EC2 and EBS Instance, Amazon Web Services - Replacing Unhealthy EC2 Instance in Elastic Beanstalk Environment, Amazon VPC - Launching an EC2 Instance into a VPC. base64 command to decode it. Do I need a thermal expansion tank if I already have a pressure tank? If you're interested in more complex automation scenarios, you might consider AWS CloudFormation or To Why do small African island nations perform better than African continental nations, considering democracy and human development? file to include both a shell script and cloud-init directives in your user data. The first security group created will be called launch-wizard-1 which is created by the console directly and we can define multiple rules here. For windows, it can be done by checking a box in Ec2 Services Properties. The following is example output with the user data base64 encoded. What's the best way to do this ? What is EC2 User Data Simply put User Data is a set of commands which will be executed on an EC2 instance when it is first launched. In my previous post, I talked about doing it via AWS console. Warning: Before starting this procedure, review the following: 1. There is an official documentation page now.. After all the attempts this finally worked for me.. The #cloud-boothook make it works because it changes the script from a user_data mechanism to a cloud-boothook one that runs on each start. You can update your configuration to ensure that your user data scripts and cloud-init directives run every time you restart your instance. Step 1. For the sake of completeness, if you have a situation where you care to keep track of the fact/possibility that this AMI [had a parent AMI that ] and they all ran cloud-init user data, you can delete only the current semaphore. If you are unable to see the PHP information page, Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. For more information about For additional debugging information, you can rev2023.3.3.43278. Why are trials on "Law & Order" in the New York Supreme Court? Commands wrapped in script tags are saved to a batch file, and commands wrapped in PowerShell tags are saved to a .ps1 file (corresponds to the User Data check box on the Ec2 Service Properties dialog box). But, the very last bash command in the script is supposed to start a python script which will run (indefinitely/ or . When a user data script is processed, it is copied to and run from Be sure to delete the user data scripts from By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Also, there's no need for sudo in userdata as it's already running as root. How do I align things in the following tabular environment? For linux, I suppose the mechanism is the same, and user_data needs to be re-activated on your custom image. sudo cloud-init modules -m final. Subscribe to our newsletter below to get awesome AWS learning materials delivered straight to your inbox. After cloud-init runs a user data script on the first boot of an EC2 instance, a state file is presumably written so that cloud-init won't run the script again on subsequent reboots. Open the Amazon EC2 console. So I tried to pass my own user-data when instance launch, this is my user-data: running, you can view the user data but you cannot modify it. vegan) just to try it, does this inconvenience the caterers and staff? {AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09,Description: Template to Create an EC2 instance in a VPC,Parameters: {VpcId: {Type: String,Description: VPC id,Default: vpc-58c9a833},ImageId: {Type: String,Description: windows machine,Default: ami-0c4a11a8d0e503812},InstanceType: {Type: String,Description: Choosing t2 micro because it is free,Default: t2.micro},KeyName: {Description: SSH Keypair to login to the instance,Type: AWS::EC2::KeyPair::KeyName}},Resources: {DemoInstance: {Type: AWS::EC2::Instance,Properties: {ImageId: {Ref: ImageId},InstanceType: {Ref: InstanceType},KeyName: {Ref: KeyName},SecurityGroupIds: [{Ref: DemoSecurityGroup}],UserData: {Fn::Base64: {Fn::Sub: if ( Get-Service AWSXRayDaemon -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue ) {sc.exe stop AWSXRayDaemonsc.exe delete AWSXRayDaemon}, $targetLocation = C:\Program Files\Amazon\XRayif ((Test-Path $targetLocation) -eq 0) {mkdir $targetLocation}, $zipFileName = aws-xray-daemon-windows-service-3.x.zip$zipPath = $targetLocation\$zipFileName$destPath = $targetLocation\aws-xray-daemonif ((Test-Path $destPath) -eq 1) {Remove-Item -Recurse -Force $destPath}, $daemonPath = $destPath\xray.exe$daemonLogPath = $targetLocation\xray-daemon.log$url = https://s3.dualstack.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/aws-xray-assets.us-west-2/xray-daemon/aws-xray-daemon-windows-service-3.x.zip, Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $url -OutFile $zipPathAdd-Type -Assembly System.IO.Compression.Filesystem[io.compression.zipfile]::ExtractToDirectory($zipPath, $destPath), New-Service -Name AWSXRayDaemon -StartupType Automatic -BinaryPathName `$daemonPath` -f `$daemonLogPath`sc.exe start AWSXRayDaemon}}}},DemoSecurityGroup: {Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup,Properties: {VpcId: {Ref: VpcId},GroupDescription: SG to allow SSH access via port 22,SecurityGroupIngress: [{IpProtocol: tcp,FromPort: 22,ToPort: 22,CidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0},{IpProtocol: tcp,FromPort: 80,ToPort: 80,CidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0},{IpProtocol: tcp,FromPort: 443,ToPort: 443,CidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0}],Tags: [{Key: Name,Value: EC2-SG}]}}},Outputs: {DemoInstanceId: {Description: Instance Id,Value: {Ref: DemoInstance}}}}. So, if you want your new AMI to execute user-data again, just create the flag again before create the image: The only way I get it to work was to add the #cloud-boothook before the #!/bin/bash, This is a typical user data script that installs Apache web server on a newly created instance. in the Amazon EC2 User Guide for Windows Instances. the Advanced details section of the launch instance The following are common issues that occur when utilizing Windows EC2 instance user data: You modified or configured user data, but it doesn't run on instance launch. has finished successfully. 4. Even though the server is running we cant able to see the message. Also, because the While the instance is in a stopping state and if we try to refresh our webpage its not going to work because you dont have the server running anymore. It actually corresponds to the private IPv4 address. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. This is the way to do Infrastructure as a Service on AWS. What video game is Charlie playing in Poker Face S01E07? Copy your user script into the Edit user data box, and then choose Save. User data is limited to 16 KB, in raw form, before it is base64-encoded. Thanks for answer, sorry about that, the /home/ec2-user/user-script/output.txt is typo, already fixed it, for now I still don't know why it doesn't work if I remove #cloud-boothook, still trying to figure out, User-data scripts is not running on my custom AMI, but working in standard Amazon linux, How to make EC2 user-data work on freshly built AMI, made with Packer, aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/, this article about user data formatting user, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/user-data.html#user-data-shell-scripts, How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability. The cloud-init directives creates a file (/test-cloudinit/cloud-init.txt), This one is free tier eligible, so it will be free to launch them. Please refer to your browser's Help pages for instructions. followed by a forward slash and the file name. It actually took me a few hours of research and testing, so once I figured it out, I created this question to help the next person looking for a definitive answer. For more information, see Add rules to a security group. Does a barbarian benefit from the fast movement ability while wearing medium armor? Click here to return to Amazon Web Services homepage. Add a local rdp user via user data at launch of a Windows EC2 instance. procedure. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Have you checked your SGs and NACL configurations? The below script worked perfectly for me after the ubuntu ec2 instance was launched. If we go to security. Do I need a thermal expansion tank if I already have a pressure tank? systemctl. However, you can use the For more information, see Add rules to a security group. My added wrinkle is that I'm using terraform to instantiate the hosts via a launch configuration and autoscaling group. I want to utilize user data to run a script every time my Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance is restarted. Running Docker on EC2 using CodeCommit | by Dhaval Nagar | AppGambit | Medium Write Sign up Sign In 500 Apologies, but something went wrong on our end.. Stop your instance. User_data is run only at the first start up. Which means user-data / cloud-init script won't do what you want anyway. Do you need billing or technical support? Therefore, always remeber to base64-encode your user data script while specifying your user data. Open the Amazon EC2 console, and then select your instance. wizard. following directive: This directive sends command output from your script to The following shows the mime-multi part format. following tasks are performed by the user data: The distribution software packages are updated. When you create a key pair it will be downloaded automatically to your pc. For this, well be launching our EC2 instance which is, well, a virtual server and well use the console for this then we will launch a web server directly on the EC2 instance using a piece of code as user data script and we will pass to the EC2 instance. In this article, we are going to pass below code. Not the answer you're looking for? As we all know, Amazon EC2 (virtual machines) is the legacy approach to hosting applications in the world of containers. ERROR: CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW WITH DATA cannot be executed from a function, Is there a solutiuon to add special characters from software and how to do it. Step 5. 2. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. archive that includes a cloud-init data section with the Is there a proper earth ground point in this switch box? User data is limited to 16 KB, in raw form, before it is Base64-encoded. For this example, in a web browser, enter the URL of the PHP test file the directives Allow enough time for the instance to launch and run the directives in Have a look on the script below in case you need that. 1. You can specify below user data to achieve that. The nature of simulating nature: A Q&A with IBM Quantum researcher Dr. Jamie We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup, Run a bash script after EC2 instance boots. sudo command in the script. is stored in another file. These data/command executes after your EC2 instance starts. If you wanted to compare the instance types click on Compare Instance types it shows you all the types of instances as well as how much memory they have and so on. Does a barbarian benefit from the fast movement ability while wearing medium armor? And in programming, when you do something for the first time, you usually say hello world. The size of a string of length n after base64-encoding is ceil ( n /3)*4. User data doesn't run on subsequent reboots or starts. a few minutes for the instance to stop. UserData is still not running. /var/lib/cloud/instances/instance-id/ How can I utilize user data to automatically run a script with every restart of my Amazon EC2 Linux instance? When you create an Amazon EC2 instance, you choose an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) that contains an operating system and any additional software you need. I have an EC2 instance which I bootstrapped with some user data that runs some updates and installs some other software on startup. Why are Suriname, Belize, and Guinea-Bissau classified as "Small Island Developing States"? A limit involving the quotient of two sums, Short story taking place on a toroidal planet or moon involving flying, Theoretically Correct vs Practical Notation, Minimising the environmental effects of my dyson brain, About an argument in Famine, Affluence and Morality, Follow Up: struct sockaddr storage initialization by network format-string. Feel free to add a comment in case you need me to cover using CLI as well. If you are using a custom AMI and had UserData passed in the instance you generated the AMI from, then, the cloud-init per-instance(i.e., on first boot, in this case the UserData you pass when you create an instance from your custom AMI) section will not be executed as it does not recognize this as first boot. But dont worry, If you want it in JSON, I will provideJSONtemplate as well. If this option is disabled, either On a Windows computer, use the --query option to get the coded user data and the certutil command to AWS EC2 userdata on Windows | Cloud for the win! You should allow a few minutes of extra time for the tasks to complete So the EC2 User Data has a very specific purpose. AWS OpsWorks. wizard. Be sure to use the Why don't you echo out some progress information in your userdata script, step by step, and then check the console output afterwards? For more forward slash and the file name. Makes sure that your instance is sitting in a public subnet (with route to IGW) and it has public/Elastic IPv4 attached to it. EC2 User Data scripts run with a root user. Bootstrapping means launching commands when the machine starts. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. If these things still ain't working, you can test it further by forcing user-data to run manually. EC2 AMI version. directory on any instance launched from the AMI. For information about running commands on your Windows instance at launch, see Run commands on your Windows instance at launch How to Set Up Apache Web Server in AWS EC2 Linux (Ubuntu) Instance? on Amazon EC2 with AWS CloudFormation in the AWS CloudFormation User Guide. Run EC2 user-data script as non-root user Ask Question Asked 10 years, 9 months ago Modified 3 years, 9 months ago Viewed 12k times 8 I'm able to run a user-data script successfully, but it runs as root. (END CERTIFICATE) lines. The code below is from the cloud init log file. sudo cloud-init init 169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/instance-id)/sem/, aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/, How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability. way to send instructions to an instance at launch. An EC2 instance may be launched with a choice of two types of storage for its boot disk or "root device." The first option is a local "instance-store" disk as a root device (originally the only choice). (Optional) If your script did not accomplish the tasks you were expecting For more information, see the following: Deploying applications EC2: can I provide default startup scripts to erase sensitive data in my AMI? of cloud-init directives that run when the instance launches. So, that EC2 User data script is only run once and when it first starts, and then will never be run again. If you want some other version of node to be installed, then change the number for whatever supported version. User data is a feature that allows customization of Amazon EC2 (virtual machine) when it is created and (if desired) also with each restart after they are provisioned. expecting them to, or if you just want to verify that your directives Want to know which is the best way If so, then user data is running. You can pass two types of user data to Amazon EC2: shell scripts and cloud-init directives. Short story taking place on a toroidal planet or moon involving flying. Write for Us Cloud Computing | AWS | Cyber Security | DevOps | IoT, How to Install Apache Web Server on EC2 Instance, Using User Data Script to Bootstrap Your Instance, How to Launch an EC2 Instance in AWS Step by Step, Understand IAM PassRole to Secure your AWS Infrastructure, Attach an IAM Role to an EC2 Instance using CloudFormation, AWS EC2 instance Purchasing Options: All you need to know, Install Apache Web Server on a EC2 instance in AWS, How to Setup Budget in AWS to Keep your Bill in Check, 4 Main Factors to Consider When Choosing Your AWS Region, Subscribe an SQS Queue to an SNS Topic using CloudFormation, Send SNS Notification from AWS Lambda using Python Boto3, How to Create EC2 Instance using Terraform with Key Pair on AWS, How to Create Key Pair in AWS using Terraform in Right Way, How to Create IAM Role in AWS using Terraform. . I could NOT get it to work by adding the script inline in lc.tf. I have a step function that kicks off a python script in EC2. the user data for you. On Windows, you can use the AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell instead of using the AWS CLI. For additional debugging information, you can create a Mime multipart So your force-user-data.sh will look something like, #!/bin/bash On ubuntu 16, removing /var/lib/cloud/* does not work. In this article, we will discuss how to run EC2 User Data scripts as a non-root user. How much random access memory or RAM do you want? On services, tab search for EC2 and click on instances in the sidebar for creating an EC2 Instance. User data must be base64-decoded when you retrieve it. I checked /var/lib/cloud/instance/user-data.txt, the file is exist and same as my user-data script. Steps to Execute EC2 User Data Script using CloudFormation I hope we are clear on the script by now. /bin/bash). But please revise your permission based on uses to follow principal of least priviledge. Adding these tasks at boot time adds to the amount of time it takes to boot an Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. @jarmod how can I echo it out? Error using SSH into Amazon EC2 Instance (AWS). Replace it with an 'echo start'. Is there a proper earth ground point in this switch box?