The Chicago Tribune, which coined the term, includes the city of Chicago, the rest of Cook County, and eight nearby Illinois counties: Lake, McHenry, DuPage, Kane, Kendall, Grundy, Will and Kankakee, and three counties in Indiana: Lake, Porter and LaPorte. Jackson Park offers more than 500 acres of mature parkland along the lakefront, containing flower gardens, watercourses to wooded isles, sports facilities, stocked fish ponds, 18 miles of walking and biking pathsand it's the future site of the Barack Obama Presidential Center. After successfully running for re-election five times, and becoming Chicago's longest-serving mayor, Richard M. Daley declined to run for a seventh term. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the 1833 Treaty of Chicago and sent west of the Mississippi River as part of the federal policy of Indian removal. [16] The Chicago area has one of the highest gross domestic products (GDP) in the world, generating $689billion in 2018. [citation needed], The Great Migration, which had been on pause due to the Depression, resumed at an even faster pace in the second wave, as hundreds of thousands of blacks from the South arrived in the city to work in the steel mills, railroads, and shipping yards. It produced the first American publication for homosexuals, Friendship and Freedom. [140][143] Most of the city's rainfall is brought by thunderstorms, averaging 38 a year. [343] Six of the seven Class I railroads meet in Chicago, with the exception being the Kansas City Southern Railway. [45] The project raised much of central Chicago to a new grade with the use of jackscrews for raising buildings. Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World, Size & Demographic Characteristics of Religious Groups, all 50 states and the 17 largest metropolitan areas, Q&A: The Muslim-Christian education gap in sub-Saharan Africa, Muslims in sub-Saharan Africa are twice as likely as Christians to have no formal education, How Religious Groups Differ in Educational Attainment, 60% of Americans Would Be Uncomfortable With Provider Relying on AI in Their Own Health Care, Gender pay gap in U.S. hasnt changed much in two decades. [226] Most conventions are held at McCormick Place, just south of Soldier Field. [280], The city is home of former United States President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama; Barack Obama was formerly a state legislator representing Chicago and later a US senator. interpretation of scripture by metro area, Learn More: interpreting scripture, Word of God; should be taken literally, Word of God; not everything taken literally, Not the word of God, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who in heaven, Compare: views about environmental protection by metro area, Learn More: views about environmental regulation, Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy, Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who say humans, Compare: With its four interconnected buildings, it is the largest convention center in the nation and third-largest in the world. frequency of prayer by metro area, Learn More: frequency of prayer, At least daily, Weekly, Seldom/never, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who attend prayer group, Compare: The American Medical Association, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education, American Osteopathic Association, American Dental Association, Academy of General Dentistry, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, American Association of Nurse Anesthetists, American College of Surgeons, American Society for Clinical Pathology, American College of Healthcare Executives, the American Hospital Association and Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association are all based in Chicago. [341] The program ended on October 15, with nearly 800,000 rides taken. Christianity is predominant among the city's population who worship (71%). They have played more games and have more wins than any other team in Major League baseball since 1876. [citation needed]. Vaccines protect you and the people around you, reducing the spread of COVID-19. [16] The Bosnians were the first Muslims in the United States to incorporate an Islamic Association in 1906 in Chicago, Illinois. [93] The area was shut down for three days and some buildings did not reopen for weeks; losses were estimated at $1.95billion. In The Dark Knight Trilogy and the DC Extended Universe, Chicago was used as the inspiration and filming site for Gotham City and Metropolis respectively. The Sox are fifth in the American League in all-time wins, and sixth in pennants. Experience Chicagos most notable music festivals including the Chicago Blues Festival, the Chicago Jazz Festival, Lollapalooza, Pitchfork Music Festival and Riot Fest. (+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax By 1935 the Workers Alliance of America begun organizing the poor, workers, the unemployed. [308] Walter Payton College Prep High School is ranked number one in the city of Chicago and the state of Illinois. ), Other Pentecostal (Historically Black Protestant Trad. [62], During the 1870s and 1880s, Chicago attained national stature as the leader in the movement to improve public health. In 1906, they established Dzemijetul Hajrije (The Benevolent Society) of Illinois to preserve the community's religious and national traditions as well as to provide mutual assistance for funerals and illness. In 1893, Chicago hosted the World's Columbian Exposition on former marshland at the present location of Jackson Park. Club. The Regional Transportation Authority (RTA) coordinates the operation of the three service boards: CTA, Metra, and Pace. The Archdiocese is divided into six vicariates and 31 deaneries. Standing Lincoln) and Abraham Lincoln: The Head of State (a.k.a. Notable studios includeCinespaceStudios, the largest North American soundstage outside of L.A and Music Box Films, one of the leading distributors of foreign language films documentaries in the U.S. For film fans, theres the free Millennium Park Summer Film Series and film festivals year-round like the Chicago International Film Festival, the Latino, Black Harvest, Reeling (LGBTQ), Underground, Midwest Independent, and Childrens International film fest. Only the WASPs hated the Irish, and the WASPs all lived on the North Shore. The City Beautiful movement inspired Chicago's boulevards and parkways. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4, 1837,[35] and for several decades was the world's fastest-growing city. The term "The Loop" is largely used by locals to refer to the entire downtown area as well. WGN America eventually became NewsNation in 2021. [90] Washington was succeeded by 6th ward Alderman Eugene Sawyer, who was elected by the Chicago City Council and served until a special election. Even before then, it was not unheard of for Republican presidential candidates to win handily in downstate Illinois, only to lose statewide due to large Democratic margins in Chicago. The new DW60 is the first in the United States and is the sixth tallest in the U.S.[228] Chicago was the first city in the world to ever erect a ferris wheel. Explore from one of the 150-plus buildings with behind-the-scenes tours. [276] The council takes official action through the passage of ordinances and resolutions and approves the city budget.[277]. Chicago has been named the Best Sports City by Sporting News three times and has made TSEs international Ranking of Sport Cities every year since 2012. They have won three World Series titles (1906, 1917, 2005) and six American League pennants, including the first in 1901. This helps to keep pedestrians on the sidewalk further away from the street traffic. [25], The city has had several nicknames throughout its history, such as the Windy City, Chi-Town, Second City, and City of the Big Shoulders. Between 1910 and 1930, the African American population of Chicago increased dramatically, from 44,103 to 233,903. [32][33] Since the legalization of same-sex marriage in the State of Illinois in 2013, over 10,000 same-sex couples have wed in Cook County alone.[34]. Police and political pressure caused the organization to disband. ), Other Baptist (Historically Black Protestant Trad. Religion Census 2010 offers unique insights into religious populations. [citation needed] The record label later signed many prominent industrial acts, with the most notable being: My Life with the Thrill Kill Kult, KMFDM, Front Line Assembly and Front 242. [citation needed], With an estimated completion date of 2020, the Barack Obama Presidential Center will be housed at the University of Chicago in Hyde Park and include both the Obama presidential library and offices of the Obama Foundation. The Chicago metropolitan area has the third largest African American population, behind only New York City and Atlanta. As of 2018[update], Windy City Live is Chicago's only daytime talk show, which is hosted by Val Warner and Ryan Chiaverini at ABC7 Studios with a live weekday audience. Chicago is the only city that has had more than one MLB franchise every year since the AL began in 1901 (New York hosted only one between 1958 and early 1962). [225] Upscale shopping along the Magnificent Mile and State Street, thousands of restaurants, as well as Chicago's eminent architecture, continue to draw tourists. [citation needed], The West Side holds the Garfield Park Conservatory, one of the largest collections of tropical plants in any U.S. city. In northern Illinois, ComEd (a division of Exelon) operates the greatest number of nuclear generating plants in any US state. [219], Renowned Chicago theater companies include the Goodman Theatre in the Loop; the Steppenwolf Theatre Company and Victory Gardens Theater in Lincoln Park; and the Chicago Shakespeare Theater at Navy Pier. The Mandarin-speaking people settled throughout Chicago and the suburbs . When founded in 1833, fewer than 200 people had settled on what was then the American frontier. A number of statues also honor recent local heroes such as Michael Jordan (by Amrany and Rotblatt-Amrany), Stan Mikita, and Bobby Hull outside of the United Center; Harry Caray (by Amrany and Cella) outside Wrigley field, Jack Brickhouse (by McKenna) next to the WGN studios,[citation needed] and Irv Kupcinet at the Wabash Avenue Bridge. The median age was 32 years. A scattering of diagonal streets, many of them originally Native American trails, also cross the city (Elston, Milwaukee, Ogden, Lincoln, etc.). In the 1840s, Chicago became a major grain port, and in the 1850s and 1860s Chicago's pork and beef industry expanded. [342], Chicago is the largest hub in the railroad industry. In a normal summer, temperatures reach at least 90F (32C) on as many as 23days, with lakefront locations staying cooler when winds blow off the lake. [204] In 2022, Kellogg's announced that the new spin-off of its snack business will move to the Chicago area,[205] and Google announced a major real estate acquisition and expansion in the Loop.[206]. [citation needed], Chicago has been a hub of the retail sector since its early development, with Montgomery Ward, Sears, and Marshall Field's. 2012. Since 1968, the Joseph Jefferson Awards are given annually to acknowledge excellence in theater in the Chicago area. ), Other Methodist (Historically Black Protestant Trad. For much of the twentieth century, it nurtured a strong style of figurative surrealism, as in the works of Ivan Albright and Ed Paschke. The city has been a center for rave culture, since the 1980s. [282] Chicago had a murder rate of 18.5 per 100,000 residents in 2012, ranking 16th among US cities with 100,000 people or more. Note: Further details on the religious makeup of cities (as well as states) are available at our interactive website on the 2014 Religious Landscape Study. General Population Characteristics, 2020 East Gareld Park City of Chicago CMAP Region Total Population 19,992 2,746,388 8,577,735 Total Households 7,828 1,142,725 3,266,741 Average Household Size 2.5 2.4 2.6 Percent Population Change, 2010-20-2.8 1.9 1.7 Percent Population Change, 2000-20-4.3 -5.2 5.3 Source: 2000, 2010 and 2020 Census. Bosnian Muslims were early leaders in the establishment of Chicago's Muslim community. Chicago Population & Age Distribution Total Population 2,696,555 Age Under 5 Years: 6.1% 5 - 17: 14.3% 18 - 24: 9.8% 25 - 34: 20.1% 35 - 54: 25.9% 55 - 64: 11.1% Over 65 Years: 12.7% Educational Attainment of Adults Attending College High School Graduates College Graduated 5.3% 85.9% On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [citation needed] Since the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, four large companies left the Chicago area, Boeing left to focus on its defense contracts, Caterpillar, and Tyson Foods left to consolidate operations, and Citadel LLC cited crime-related factors. For questions about participation in the 2020 U.S. Population estimates in 2008 put the number of people in the city proper at 2,853,114, while suburban populations continue to grow, with estimates at 9,785,747 for the combined city and suburbs. The Chicago Bears, one of the last two remaining charter members of the National Football League (NFL), have won nine NFL Championships, including the 1985 Super BowlXX. The average land elevation is 579ft (176.5m) above sea level. By the time of its first census, seven years later, the population had reached over 4,000. [182], The first two Parliament of the World's Religions in 1893 and 1993 were held in Chicago. [15] Chicago has the third largest Italian American population in the United States, behind only New York City and Philadelphia. [361] In addition, the Chicago Sister Cities program hosts a number of delegation and formal exchanges. [295] In 2011, Chicago's murders fell another 1.2% to 431 (a rate of 15.94 per 100,000). The central area includes the Near North Side, the Near South Side, and the Near West Side, as well as the Loop. Below the poverty line were 19.6% of the population and 16.6% of the families. The city also has one PBS member station (its second: WYCC 20, removed its affiliation with PBS in 2017[322]): WTTW 11, producer of shows such as Sneak Previews, The Frugal Gourmet, Lamb Chop's Play-Along and The McLaughlin Group. The 2000 United States Census had shown the population density of the city itself was 12,750.3 people per square mile (4,923.0/km2), making it one of the nation's most densely populated cities. [citation needed], The White Sox have played on the South Side continuously since 1901, with all three of their home fields throughout the years being within blocks of one another. An award-winning $108 million, 1.25-mile promenade along the south bank of the Chicago River downtown. Non-Christian groups include Irreligious (22%), Judaism (3%), Islam (2%), Buddhism (1%) and Hinduism (1%). [28][29][30], In 1795, following the victory of the new United States in the Northwest Indian War, an area that was to be part of Chicago was turned over to the US for a military post by native tribes in accordance with the Treaty of Greenville. In 1966, Martin Luther King Jr. and Albert Raby led the Chicago Freedom Movement, which culminated in agreements between Mayor Richard J. Daley and the movement leaders. Navy Pier, located just east of Streeterville, is 3,000ft (910m) long and houses retail stores, restaurants, museums, exhibition halls and auditoriums. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. [171][172], Chicago became a "de jure" sanctuary city in 2012 when Mayor Rahm Emanuel and the City Council passed the Welcoming City Ordinance. His accomplishments included improvements to parks and creating incentives for sustainable development, as well as closing Meigs Field in the middle of the night and destroying the runways. The Chicago Thanksgiving Parade is broadcast live nationally on WGN-TV and WGN America, featuring a variety of diverse acts from the community, marching bands from across the country, and is the only parade in the city to feature inflatable balloons every year. [citation needed] Lane is one of the oldest schools in Chicago and in 2012 was designated a National Blue Ribbon School by the U.S. Department of Education. Washington's first term in office directed attention to poor and previously neglected minority neighborhoods. [73] Continuing racial tensions and violence, such as the Chicago Race Riot of 1919, also occurred. [215], Downtown is the center of Chicago's financial, cultural, governmental and commercial institutions and the site of Grant Park and many of the city's skyscrapers. As much as Chicagoans like to play sports, we also love to watch the pros do it. In the next few years Irish numbers grew rapidly, particularly after the arrival of refugees from the Great Famine. [288] Violent crime rates vary significantly by area of the city, with more economically developed areas having low rates, but other sections have much higher rates of crime. January and February are the coldest months. Student Location Diversity 85 out of 100. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. They largely clustered in Jefferson Park on the city's Northwest Side, coming to the area mostly between the years 19071920. 2002. Many of the city's financial institutions, such as the CBOT and the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, are located within a section of downtown called "The Loop", which is an eight-block by five-block area of city streets that is encircled by elevated rail tracks. Computer and Internet Use. [305], In September 2016, an Illinois state appellate court found that cities do not have an obligation under the Illinois Constitution to pay certain benefits if those benefits had included an expiration date under whichever negotiated agreement they were covered. The unique sounds born in Chicago continue to resonate around the world. The most populous city in Florida is also one of its most religious cities, and while very diverse religiously, still has a large majority which at least identifies with one religion. Dominicans There is a small community of Dominicans in Chicago. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United Statesabout $670.5billion according to September 2017 estimates. [318], Since the 1850s, Chicago has been a world center of higher education and research with several universities. ), Eclectic, a bit of everything, "I have my own beliefs", Other in the "Unitarian and other liberal faiths" family, Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. Recently, the city began installing wind turbines on government buildings to promote renewable energy.[352][353][354]. [158] A large number of blacks also settled on the West Side. Chicago is the center of the Palestinian and Jordanian immigrant communities in the United States,[28][29] and additionally has a large Assyrian population. THE 2020 U.S. The city claims three Dow30 companies: aerospace giant Boeing, which moved its headquarters from Seattle to the Chicago Loop in 2001,[196] McDonald's and Walgreens Boots Alliance. [citation needed], The Chicago Public Library system operates 3 regional libraries and 77 neighbourhood branches, including the central library. [168] In 2015, roughly 4% of the population identified as LGBT. The Irish were able to assert themselves in politics due to their large population but also the fact that they knew English and that thanks to the geographic position of Ireland on the periphery of Europe they did not have ancestral ethnic rivalries. After playing its first eight seasons at Soldier Field, the team moved to suburban Bridgeview to play at SeatGeek Stadium. Males had a median income of $35,907 versus $30,536 for females. The July daily average temperature is 75.9F (24.4C), with afternoon temperatures peaking at 85.0F (29.4C). The proximity to Lake Michigan tends to keep the Chicago lakefront somewhat cooler in summer and less brutally cold in winter than inland parts of the city and suburbs away from the lake. Percentage of the total population. [83], By the 1960s, white residents in several neighborhoods left the city for the suburban areas in many American cities, a process known as white flight as Blacks continued to move beyond the Black Belt. 2 city", "COMPARATIVE DEMOGRAPHIC ESTIMATES 2019 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates Chicago", "Census: Hispanics surpass blacks as Chicago's 2nd-largest racial group", CBS News: "Hispanic Population Surges In Chicago, New Census Data Shows" By Jeremy Ross, "Illinois Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990", "2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)", "Healthy Chicago databook: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual & Transgender Health", "San Francisco Metro Area Ranks Highest in LGBT Percentage", "The Metro Areas With the Largest, and Smallest, Gay Populations", "Same-sex marriage licenses could hit 10,000 in Cook County this summer", "10,000th same-sex couple issued marriage license in Cook County", "Selected Economic Characteristics: 20082012 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates: Chicago city, Illinois", "These are the cities with the most ultra-rich people", "Community Facts: First Ancestry Reported, Chicago city, Illinois", Major U.S. metropolitan areas differ in their religious profiles, "Table 6 Fifteen Largest PC(USA) Congregations Based on Membership Size, 2014", "2020 Metropolitan Chicago Jewish Population Study", "Gross Domestic Product by Metropolitan Area, 2016", "Moody's: Chicago's Economy Most Balanced in US (January 23, 2003)", London named world's top business center by MasterCard, "Washington area richest, most educated in US: report", "World's richest cities by purchasing power", "The ten largest US central business districts | Modern Cities", "JPMorgan History | The History of Our Firm", "Chicago Area Employment February 2018", "Chicago Named Nation's Top Metro Area for Corporate Relocation For the Sixth Straight Year", "Chicago's Fortune 500 headquarters are shrinking", "Why You Should Start a Company in Chicago", "Ken Griffin's Citadel ditches Chicago for Miami following crime complaints", "Ken Griffin's Citadel Move Is 'Punch in the Gut' for Chicago", "Big Companies Keep Leaving Chicago: What's Going On?